Character development is a crucial aspect of any literary work, and Lorraine Hansberry’s “A Raisin in the Sun” is no exception. This play, set in the 1950s, explores the lives of the Younger family and their struggle for economic and racial equality in a racially segregated society. Through the evolution of its characters, “A Raisin in the Sun” delves into themes of identity, family, and the American Dream, offering a profound insight into the human condition.
In the first act, the character of Walter Lee Younger, the protagonist, is introduced as a man of ambition and dreams but also one burdened by the weight of his past failures. He is depicted as a man who is constantly seeking ways to improve his family’s financial situation, often at the expense of his own integrity. However, as the play progresses, Walter’s character undergoes significant development. He learns the importance of family values and the need to prioritize his family’s well-being over his own desires. This transformation is evident in his decision to invest the insurance money in a business venture that will benefit his family, rather than using it to satisfy his own greed.
Another character that undergoes substantial development is Beneatha Younger, Walter’s sister. Initially, Beneatha is portrayed as a strong-willed and independent young woman who dreams of becoming a doctor. However, as the play progresses, she begins to question her own identity and the expectations placed upon her by society. Beneatha’s character development is marked by her realization that her dreams may not be as attainable as she once believed. This realization leads her to explore other aspects of her identity, including her cultural heritage and her relationship with Joseph Asagai, a Nigerian student.
Mama, the matriarch of the Younger family, also experiences significant growth throughout the play. Initially, she is depicted as a woman who is firm in her beliefs and determined to protect her family. However, as the play progresses, Mama begins to question her own values and the ways in which she has been influenced by society. This introspection leads her to become more compassionate and understanding of her children’s struggles. Mama’s character development is further highlighted by her willingness to compromise and support her family, even when it means going against her own principles.
Lastly, the character of Walter’s wife, Ruth, also undergoes a remarkable transformation. Initially, Ruth is portrayed as a woman who is dependent on her husband and often feels trapped in their struggling household. However, as the play progresses, Ruth becomes more confident and independent. She begins to assert herself in her marriage and stand up for her own rights. Ruth’s character development is most evident in her decision to leave Walter if he does not change his ways, showcasing her newfound strength and determination.
In conclusion, “A Raisin in the Sun” is a powerful piece of literature that delves into the character development of its main characters. Through the evolution of Walter Lee Younger, Beneatha Younger, Mama, and Ruth, the play explores themes of identity, family, and the American Dream. By examining the growth and change of these characters, Lorraine Hansberry provides a profound insight into the human condition and the resilience of the human spirit.